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I. |
Asia-Pacific region: key developments
and prospects |
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The global setting and implications for
Asia-Pacific
Developed countries
Recent trends in
international trade
Commodities
Foreign direct investment
flows
Financial market
developments
Developments, prospects and policy issues
in Asia and the Pacific
Developing economies in
the subregion
Developed countries of the
region
Near-term policy issues
for the region
Longer-term development
policy issues for the region |
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II. |
Macroeconomic performance, issues and
policies |
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Developing economies of the ESCAP region
East and North-East Asia
North and Central Asia
Pacific island economies
South and South-West Asia
South-East Asia
Developed countries of the region
Australia, Japan and New
Zealand |
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III. |
Dynamics of population ageing: how can
Asia and the Pacific respond? |
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Introduction
Population dynamics
Determinants of population
ageing
Decline in mortality
Decline in the fertility
rate
Scale and speed of ageing
Ageing of the older
population
Is ageing a gender issue?
Implications of population
ageing
Fiscal implications
Public pensions
Health care
Implications for the
labour market
Savings and investment
Public debt
Impact on capital markets
Economic growth
Care of older persons
Poverty, isolation and
discrimination
Policy responses
Pension reforms
Increasing efficiency in
the health-care sector
Healthy ageing
Health insurance
Institutional arrangements
for care of the elderly
Promotion of familial care
of the elderly
Market reforms
Labour market reforms
Migration policy
Population policy
Fiscal policy
Role of the private sector
Conclusion |
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Special feature to mark the
International Year of Microcredit, 2005 |
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Microfinance in poverty reduction – Asia-Pacific
challenges |
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Boxes |
| I.1 |
Impact of high oil prices in the ESCAP region |
| I.2 |
Multilateralism and free trade areas in Asia and the
Pacific |
| I.3 |
World Conference on Disaster Reduction and early warning
systems |
| II.1 |
Mauritius International Meeting on Small Island Developing
States reaffirms sustainable development and related issues |
| II.2 |
Smooth transition for countries graduating from the list
of least developed countries |
| II.3 |
Post-tsunami reconstruction in Aceh and North Sumatra |
| II.4 |
Phase-out of the Multifibre Arrangement and least
developed countries in the Asian and Pacific region |
| II.5 |
Economic implications of privatizing Japan Post |
| III.1 |
Growing implicit pension debt |
| III.2 |
Responding to rapid ageing in Australia: a strategic
approach |
| III.3 |
Population ageing: from problem to opportunity |
| III.4 |
Migration policy: a cushion for the ageing process? |
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Tables |
| I.1 |
Selected indicators of global economic conditions,
2001-2005 |
| I.2 |
World trade and prices, 1991-2004 |
| I.3 |
Commodity price index, 2001-2004 |
| I.4 |
Net capital flows of developing countries and developing
economies in Asia, 1997-2005 |
| I.5 |
Selected economies of the ESCAP region: rates of economic
growth and inflation, 2003-2006 |
| I.6 |
Percentage of the population below the $1 per day poverty
line in selected countries, 1990-2003 |
| II.1 |
Selected East and North-East Asian economies: growth
rates, 2001-2004 |
| II.2 |
Selected East and North-East Asian economies: ratios of
gross domestic savings and investment to GDP, 2001-2004 |
| II.3 |
Selected East and North-East Asian economies: inflation
and money supply growth (M2), 2001-2004 |
| II.4 |
Selected East and North-East Asian economies: merchandise
exports and their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.5 |
Selected East and North-East Asian economies: merchandise
imports and their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.6 |
Selected East and North-East Asian economies: budget and
current account balance as a percentage of GDP, 2001-2004 |
| II.7 |
North and Central Asian economies: growth rates, 2001-2004 |
| II.8 |
North and Central Asian economies: inflation, 2001-2004 |
| II.9 |
North and Central Asian economies: budget balance as a
percentage of GDP, 2001-2004 |
| II.10 |
North and Central Asian economies: merchandise exports and
their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.11 |
North and Central Asian economies: merchandise imports and
their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.12 |
North and Central Asian economies: current account balance
as a percentage of GDP, 2001-2004 |
| II.13 |
Selected Pacific island economies: growth rates, 2001-2004 |
| II.14 |
Selected Pacific island economies: budget and current
account balance as a percentage of GDP, 2001-2004 |
| II.15 |
Selected Pacific island economies: inflation and money
supply growth (M2), 2001-2004 |
| II.16 |
Selected Pacific island economies: merchandise exports and
their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.17 |
Selected Pacific island economies: merchandise imports and
their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.18 |
Selected South and South-West Asian economies: growth
rates, 2001-2004 |
| II.19 |
Selected South and South-West Asian economies: ratios of
gross domestic savings and investment to GDP, 2001-2004 |
| II.20 |
Selected South and South-West Asian economies: inflation
and money supply growth (M2), 2001-2004 |
| II.21 |
Selected South and South-West Asian economies: budget and
current account balance as a percentage of GDP, 2001-2004 |
| II.22 |
Selected South and South-West Asian economies: merchandise
exports and their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.23 |
Selected South and South-West Asian economies: merchandise
imports and their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.24 |
Least developed countries in South and South-West Asia:
growth rates, 2001-2004 |
| II.25 |
Least developed countries in South and South-West Asia:
inflation and money supply growth (M2), 2001-2004 |
| II.26 |
Least developed countries in South and South-West Asia:
merchandise exports and their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.27 |
Least developed countries in South and South-West Asia:
merchandise imports and their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.28 |
Selected South-East Asian economies: growth rates,
2001-2004 |
| II.29 |
Selected South-East Asian economies: ratios of gross
domestic savings and investment to GDP, 2001-2004 |
| II.30 |
Selected South-East Asian economies: inflation and money
supply growth (M2), 2001-2004 |
| II.31 |
Selected South-East Asian economies: budget and current
account balance as a percentage of GDP, 2001-2004 |
| II.32 |
Selected South-East Asian economies: merchandise exports
and their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.33 |
Selected South-East Asian economies: merchandise imports
and their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.34 |
Least developed countries in South-East Asia: growth
rates, 2001-2004 |
| II.35 |
Least developed countries in South-East Asia: inflation
and money supply growth (M2), 2001-2004 |
| II.36 |
Least developed countries in South-East Asia: budget and
current account balance as a percentage of GDP, 2001-2004 |
| II.37 |
Least developed countries in South-East Asia: merchandise
exports and their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.38 |
Least developed countries in South-East Asia: merchandise
imports and their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.39 |
Developed countries of the ESCAP region: rates of economic
growth and inflation, 2001-2004 |
| II.40 |
Developed countries of the ESCAP region: consumption and
investment as a percentage of GDP, 2001-2004 |
| II.41 |
Developed countries of the ESCAP region: short-term
interest rates and money supply growth (M2), 2001-2004 |
| II.42 |
Developed countries of the ESCAP region: budget and
current account balance as a percentage of GDP, 2001-2004 |
| II.43 |
Developed countries of the ESCAP region: merchandise
exports and their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| II.44 |
Developed countries of the ESCAP region: merchandise
imports and their rates of growth, 2001-2004 |
| III.1 |
Diversity of the demographic characteristics in the region |
| III.2 |
Changes in infant mortality rate and total fertility rate
in developing countries |
| III.3 |
Total fertility rate |
| III.4 |
Population aged 60 and over |
| III.5 |
Speed of ageing of 60+ population |
| III.6 |
Common features of pension schemes in the Asian region and
policy options |
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Figures |
| II.1 |
Rates of GDP growth in selected East and North-East Asian
economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.2 |
Inflation in selected East and North-East Asian economies,
2001-2004 |
| II.3 |
Growth rates in merchandise export earnings of selected
East and North-East Asian economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.4 |
Growth rates in merchandise import spending of selected
East and North-East Asian economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.5 |
Index of exchange rates against the United States dollar
of selected East and North-East Asian economies, 1996-2004 |
| II.6 |
Rates of GDP growth in North and Central Asian economies,
2001-2004 |
| II.7 |
Inflation in North and Central Asian economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.8 |
Index of exchange rates against the United States dollar
of North and Central Asian economies, 1996-2004 |
| II.9 |
Rates of GDP growth in selected Pacific island economies,
2001-2004 |
| II.10 |
Inflation in selected Pacific island economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.11 |
Index of exchange rates against the United States dollar
of selected Pacific island economies and Australia and New Zealand, 1996-2004 |
| II.12 |
Growth rates in merchandise export earnings of selected
Pacific island economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.13 |
Growth rates in merchandise import spending of selected
Pacific island economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.14 |
Rates of GDP growth in selected South and South-West Asian
economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.15 |
Inflation in selected South and South-West Asian
economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.16 |
Growth rates in merchandise export earnings of selected
South and South-West Asian economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.17 |
Growth rates in merchandise import spending of selected
South and South-West Asian economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.18 |
Index of exchange rates against the United States dollar
of selected South and South-West Asian economies, 1996-2004 |
| II.19 |
Rates of GDP growth in least developed countries in South
and South-West Asia, 2001-2004 |
| II.20 |
Inflation in least developed countries in South and
South-West Asia, 2001-2004 |
| II.21 |
Index of exchange rates against the United States dollar
of least developed countries in South and South-West Asia, 1996-2004 |
| II.22 |
Growth rates in merchandise export earnings of least
developed countries in South and South-West Asia, 2001-2004 |
| II.23 |
Growth rates in merchandise import spending of least
developed countries in South and South-West Asia, 2001-2004 |
| II.24 |
Rates of GDP growth in selected South-East Asian
economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.25 |
Inflation in selected South-East Asian economies,
2001-2004 |
| II.26 |
Growth rates in merchandise export earnings of selected
South-East Asian economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.27 |
Growth rates in merchandise import spending of selected
South-East Asian economies, 2001-2004 |
| II.28 |
Index of exchange rates against the United States dollar
of selected South-East Asian economies, 1996-2004 |
| II.29 |
Rates of GDP growth in the least developed countries in
South-East Asia, 2001-2004 |
| II.30 |
Inflation in the least developed countries in South-East
Asia, 2001-2004 |
| II.31 |
Index of exchange rates against the United States dollar
of least developed countries in South-East Asia, 1996-2004 |
| II.32 |
Rates of GDP growth in developed countries in the ESCAP
region, 2001-2004 |
| II.33 |
Inflation in developed countries in the ESCAP region,
2001-2004 |
| II.34 |
Growth rates in merchandise export earnings of developed
countries in the ESCAP region, 2001-2004 |
| II.35 |
Growth rates in merchandise import spending of developed
countries in the ESCAP region, 2001-2004 |
| II.36 |
Index of exchange rates against the United States dollar
of developed countries in the ESCAP region, 1996-2004 |
| III.1 |
Proportion of population aged 60 and over |
| III.2 |
Life expectancy and fertility trends |
| III.3 |
Distribution of 60+ population in selected economies, 2000
and 2050 |
| III.4 |
Total 80+ population by ESCAP subregions and the rest of
the world |
| III.5 |
Distribution of 80+ population in selected economies, 2000
and 2050 |
| III.6 |
Share of male and female population aged 60+ and 80+ of
Asian and Pacific economies in the total population, 1950-2050 |
| III.7 |
Old-age dependency ratio in Asia and the Pacific and
selected economies |
| III.8 |
Dynamics of the working-age population in selected
economies: population aged 15-59 for selected Asian and Pacific economies as a
percentage of the total population, 1950-2050 |
