Ecotaxes on Polluting Inputs and Outputs
Raja J. Chelliah (Ed.)‚ U. Sankar (Ed.)‚ Paul P. Appasamy (Ed.)‚ Rita Pandey (Ed.)

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About the Book

Economic instruments have become increasingly popular worldwide as s strategy to achieve environmental goals.

 

The National Environment Policy, 2006 recommends the use of economic instruments to supplement regulation. Unlike emission taxes or tradable permits which require legal and institutional capacity, ecotaxes on polluting inputs and outputs can be easily implemented through the existing system of central taxes.


For dispersed non-point source pollution, a tax on input/output is an ideal instrument for controlling pollution.


This volume contains ecotax proposals for coal, automobiles, detergents, paper and pulp, pesticides, fertilisers, lead acid batteries and plastics.

  

About the Author(s) / Editor(s)

Raja J. Chelliah is Chairman Emeritus, Madras School of Economics, Chennai and Professor of Eminence, National Institute of Public Finance & Policy, New Delhi.

 

U. Sankar is Honorary Professor, Madras School of Economics, Chennai.

 

Paul P. Appasamy is Member – Secretary, Centre of Excellence in Environmental Economics, Madras School of Economics, Chennai.

 

Rita Pandey is Professor, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi.

 

Contents in Detail

List of Figures, Tables and Annexures

 

Foreword

 

Acknowledgements

 

About the Authors

 

 

 

1. Introduction

    Externality

 

    Regulatory Approach

 

    Economic Approaches

 

    International and Domestic Support
    for Economic Instruments

 

 

 

 


2. Design and Implementation of Ecotaxes

    Why Ecotaxes?


    Coverage and Design Issues


    International Experience


    Scope of the Study

 

 

 

 

 

3. Coal


    Introduction

 

    Production

 

    Coal Demand Forecast

 

    Imports and Exports

 

    Pricing

 

    Royalty on Coal

 

    Environmental Problems

 

    Inferior Coal and Beneficiated Coal

 

    Coal Cess Based on Cost of Beneficiation

 

    Proposed Rates of Ecocess on Coal

 

    Estimate of Revenue from Ecocess

 

    Clean Coal Fund

 

    Conclusion

 

 

 

 

 


4. Automobiles


    Introduction

 

    Vehicular Pollution in India

 

    Ecotax Proposals in the Interim Report

 

    Comments on the Interim Report
    by SIAM and 

 

    Modifications in the Proposals

 

    In-use Vehicles

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 


5. Chlorine Use in Pulp and Paper and
    Viscose Rayon Industries


    Introduction

 

    Industry Structure

 

    Cost Aspects

 

    Central Excise Duty on Paper

 

    Chlorine Production and Use

 

    Environmental Impact of Chlorine

 

    Comments by Industry

 

    Viscose Rayon

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. Phosphate Based Detergents


    Introduction

 

    Detergent Industry

 

    Use of Phosphates

 

    Sodium Tri-Poly Phosphate (STPP)

 

    Detergent Use in India

 

    Regulatory Approaches

 

    Experiences in Other Countries

 

    Alternatives to Phosphates

 

    Central Excise Duty

 

    Comments by Detergent Manufacturers

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. Chemical Pesticides and Biopesticides


    Introduction

 

    Pesticide Production in India

 

    Pesticide Use in India

 

    Pesticide Resistance

 

    Toxic Residues in Food

 

    Occupational Exposure

 

    Registration and Licensing of
    Pesticides

 

    Pricing of Pesticides

 

    The Biopesticide Market

 

    Botanical Pesticides

 

    Acceptance of Biopesticides
    by Farmers

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 


8. Fertilisers


    Introduction

 

    Fertiliser Use in India

 

    Fertiliser Consumption Per Hectare

 

    Fertiliser Pricing Policy

 

    Problems to be Considered

 

    Nitrate Pollution

 

    Biofertilisers

 

    Factors Favouring and Limiting
    the Use of Biofertilisers

 

    Fertiliser Taxes in Other Countries

 

    Comments by the Fertiliser
    Association of India

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 


9. Lead Acid Batteries


    Indian Battery Industry

 

    Indian Lead Sector

 

    Health Effects of Lead

 

    Why Dealers Sell Battery Scrap to
    Traders and not Battery Manufacturers

 

    Salient Features of Batteries (Management
    and Handling) Rules, 2001

 

    The Main Issues at Hand

 

    Measures to Control Environmental
    Pollution from Batteries: International
    Experience

 

    Recommendations

 

    Revenue Implications

 

 

 

 

 


10. Plastics


     Introduction


     Background


     Recycling


     Plastic Wastes


     Biodegradability


     Bioplastics as an Alternative


     Other Disposal Options


     Government Initiatives


     Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)


     Ecotaxes on Plastic Bags


     Discussions with the Plastics Manufacturers Association


     Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 


11. Summary


     Coal

 

     Automobiles

 

     Chlorine

 

     Detergents

 

     Pesticides

 

     Fertilisers

 

     Lead Acid Batteries

 

     Plastics

 

 


References

 

Index



Publisher AF Press
Publication Date 2007
Number of Pages 210
ISBN 8171885845
READ MORE

Academic Foundation (AF), based in New Delhi, is India’s leading independent publisher of academic/scholarly books in Social Sciences, specialising in Economics—Development Economics and Indian Economy in particular, and allied subjects.

About the Book

Economic instruments have become increasingly popular worldwide as s strategy to achieve environmental goals.

 

The National Environment Policy, 2006 recommends the use of economic instruments to supplement regulation. Unlike emission taxes or tradable permits which require legal and institutional capacity, ecotaxes on polluting inputs and outputs can be easily implemented through the existing system of central taxes.


For dispersed non-point source pollution, a tax on input/output is an ideal instrument for controlling pollution.


This volume contains ecotax proposals for coal, automobiles, detergents, paper and pulp, pesticides, fertilisers, lead acid batteries and plastics.

  

About the Author(s) / Editor(s)

Raja J. Chelliah is Chairman Emeritus, Madras School of Economics, Chennai and Professor of Eminence, National Institute of Public Finance & Policy, New Delhi.

 

U. Sankar is Honorary Professor, Madras School of Economics, Chennai.

 

Paul P. Appasamy is Member – Secretary, Centre of Excellence in Environmental Economics, Madras School of Economics, Chennai.

 

Rita Pandey is Professor, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi.

 

Contents in Detail

List of Figures, Tables and Annexures

 

Foreword

 

Acknowledgements

 

About the Authors

 

 

 

1. Introduction

    Externality

 

    Regulatory Approach

 

    Economic Approaches

 

    International and Domestic Support
    for Economic Instruments

 

 

 

 


2. Design and Implementation of Ecotaxes

    Why Ecotaxes?


    Coverage and Design Issues


    International Experience


    Scope of the Study

 

 

 

 

 

3. Coal


    Introduction

 

    Production

 

    Coal Demand Forecast

 

    Imports and Exports

 

    Pricing

 

    Royalty on Coal

 

    Environmental Problems

 

    Inferior Coal and Beneficiated Coal

 

    Coal Cess Based on Cost of Beneficiation

 

    Proposed Rates of Ecocess on Coal

 

    Estimate of Revenue from Ecocess

 

    Clean Coal Fund

 

    Conclusion

 

 

 

 

 


4. Automobiles


    Introduction

 

    Vehicular Pollution in India

 

    Ecotax Proposals in the Interim Report

 

    Comments on the Interim Report
    by SIAM and 

 

    Modifications in the Proposals

 

    In-use Vehicles

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 


5. Chlorine Use in Pulp and Paper and
    Viscose Rayon Industries


    Introduction

 

    Industry Structure

 

    Cost Aspects

 

    Central Excise Duty on Paper

 

    Chlorine Production and Use

 

    Environmental Impact of Chlorine

 

    Comments by Industry

 

    Viscose Rayon

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. Phosphate Based Detergents


    Introduction

 

    Detergent Industry

 

    Use of Phosphates

 

    Sodium Tri-Poly Phosphate (STPP)

 

    Detergent Use in India

 

    Regulatory Approaches

 

    Experiences in Other Countries

 

    Alternatives to Phosphates

 

    Central Excise Duty

 

    Comments by Detergent Manufacturers

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. Chemical Pesticides and Biopesticides


    Introduction

 

    Pesticide Production in India

 

    Pesticide Use in India

 

    Pesticide Resistance

 

    Toxic Residues in Food

 

    Occupational Exposure

 

    Registration and Licensing of
    Pesticides

 

    Pricing of Pesticides

 

    The Biopesticide Market

 

    Botanical Pesticides

 

    Acceptance of Biopesticides
    by Farmers

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 


8. Fertilisers


    Introduction

 

    Fertiliser Use in India

 

    Fertiliser Consumption Per Hectare

 

    Fertiliser Pricing Policy

 

    Problems to be Considered

 

    Nitrate Pollution

 

    Biofertilisers

 

    Factors Favouring and Limiting
    the Use of Biofertilisers

 

    Fertiliser Taxes in Other Countries

 

    Comments by the Fertiliser
    Association of India

 

    Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 


9. Lead Acid Batteries


    Indian Battery Industry

 

    Indian Lead Sector

 

    Health Effects of Lead

 

    Why Dealers Sell Battery Scrap to
    Traders and not Battery Manufacturers

 

    Salient Features of Batteries (Management
    and Handling) Rules, 2001

 

    The Main Issues at Hand

 

    Measures to Control Environmental
    Pollution from Batteries: International
    Experience

 

    Recommendations

 

    Revenue Implications

 

 

 

 

 


10. Plastics


     Introduction


     Background


     Recycling


     Plastic Wastes


     Biodegradability


     Bioplastics as an Alternative


     Other Disposal Options


     Government Initiatives


     Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)


     Ecotaxes on Plastic Bags


     Discussions with the Plastics Manufacturers Association


     Recommendations

 

 

 

 

 


11. Summary


     Coal

 

     Automobiles

 

     Chlorine

 

     Detergents

 

     Pesticides

 

     Fertilisers

 

     Lead Acid Batteries

 

     Plastics

 

 


References

 

Index



Publisher AF Press
Publication Date 2007
Number of Pages 210
ISBN 8171885845
Expected delivery date:
12 Jun Usually ready in 2-3 days.

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Ecotaxes on Polluting Inputs and Outputs

Ecotaxes on Polluting Inputs and Outputs

₹ 1,295.00
₹ 1,295.00