Sikkim Development Report
Planning Commission
About the Book
The Planning Commission has decided to prepare State Development Reports (SDRs) for all States and Union Territories of India. The objective in bringing out these reports is to provide a credible independent quality reference document on the development profile, set out strategies for accelerating the growth rate of States, lessen disparities and reduce poverty. The SDR is meant to discuss the constraints and challenges faced by a State and provide a vision, blueprint or a roadmap for its socioeconomic progress.
Each SDR is being prepared with the assistance of reputed national-level agencies, under the supervision of a core committee, headed by a Member of the Planning Commission, and including a senior representative of the State Government. The publication of the Maharashtra Development Report follows the recently published SDRs of Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh, while SDRs of many other States and Union Territories of India are under various stages of preparation.
The Sikkim Development Report attempts to assess the main strengths and weaknesses of the state in achieving a high level of development. Based on the analysis of the economy's fundamentals, it recommends a development strategy that takes into account the state's potential and builds on its strengths: a peaceful environment, diverse agro-climatic topography, supply of cheap labour and vast potential in tourism, hydro-power, and horticulture. The sustainable developmental strategy recommended will seek to (i) empower people by strengthening the social infrastructure, in the form of education and skill formation and easy access to good health systems, and physical infrastructure, such as a good connectivity and communications network, quality energy supply, and (ii) vastly changed role for the government as an enabler rather than a direct participant in the production-distribution processes.
About the Author(s) / Editor(s)
PLANNING COMMISSION
Contents in Detail
Core Committee
Foreword from Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission
Message from Chief Minister, Sikkim
Message from Member, Planning Commission
List of Tables, Figures and Boxes
Acknowledgements
Executive Summary
1. Sikkim: Development Profile and Future Directions
1.1 Sikkim’s Performance at the National Level
1.2 Development of Social and Economic Infrastructure
1.3 Sikkim’s Development Profile in the Regional Context
1.4 Intrastate Development Trends
1.5 Objectives of State Development Report
2. Natural Resource Management and Sustainable Development
2.1 Resource Base
2.2 Waste and Pollution Management
2.3 Participatory Approach to Sustainable Development
2.4 Sikkim Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
(SBSAP): A Critique
2.5 Recommendations
3. Economic Growth, Structural Change and Employment
3.1 Growth: Trend and Composition
3.2 Structural Change
3.3 Employment
3.4 Pattern and Composition of the
Workforce
3.5 Workforce Participation and
Trends in Employment
3.6 State No Longer a Major Employer
3.7 Ensuring Livelihood to All
3.8 Ensuring Regionally Balanced Growth
3.9 Assessing the Growth in the Labour Force
3.10 Growing Unemployment:
Migration to Urban Centres
3.11 Strategies for Employment Generation
3.12 Elements of an Employment
Oriented Strategy
3.13 Employment Generating Schemes
3.14 Recent Initiatives of the Government
3.15 Conclusions and Recommendations
4. Fiscal and Financial Management
4.1 State’s Own Resources: Tax Revenues
4.2 State’s Own Resources: Non-tax Revenues
4.3 Transfers from the Centre
4.4 Borrowing Requirements
4.5 Utilisation of Resources:
Trends in Expenditure
4.6 Fiscal Reform Programme
and MTFRP
4.7 Deficits and Debt
4.8 Fiscal Decentralisation
4.9 Recommendations and
Conclusions
5. Education
5.1 Educational Institutions
5.2 Effective Literacy Rates
5.3 Plan Expenditure on Education
5.4 Educational Infrastructure
5.5 Accessibility to Elementary
Education
5.6 Quality of Education
5.7 Teacher Recruitment Policy
5.8 Higher and Technical/Professional
Education
5.9 Smart School Concept
5.10 Subsidies and Privatisation
5.11 Library Facilities
5.12 Investment in Education and
Employment Prospects
5.13 Recommendations
6. Health
6.1 Sex Ratio Intrigues
6.2 Plan Expenditure on Health
6.3 Poverty and Malnutrition
6.4 Reproductive Health Related Issues
6.5 Status of Immunisation
6.6 Environmental Sanitation
6.7 Health Infrastructure
6.8 Utilisation of Health Services
6.9 Traditional Medicines
6.10 Major Morbidity Cases
6.11 Geography and Environment
6.12 Urban Environment and Sanitation:
AusAid Intervention
6.13 Sikkim Manipal University: Changing
Face of the Health Sector
6.14 Health Insurance
6.15 Recommendations
7. Infrastructure: Roads,
Telecommunications and Power
7.1 Importance of Basic Infrastructure
7.2 The Road Network
7.3 Transport
7.4 Telecommunications and Information
Technology
7.5 Power Development: Structure,
Potentials and Challenges
7.6 Recommendations
8. Agriculture, Horticulture and
Animal Husbandry
8.1 The Nature of Agriculture and Related
Sectors in the State
8.2 Agriculture and Horticulture:
Issues and Constraints
8.3 Agriculture and Horticulture:
Recommendations
8.4 Animal Husbandry: Analysis and
Recommendations
9. Industry and Trade
9.1 Importance of Industry and Trade
9.2 Status of Industry
9.3 ‘Sickness Syndrome’
9.4 Identifying Appropriate Industries
9.5 Policy Initiatives—Present and
Past: A Critical Analysis
9.6 Newer Approaches
10. Tourism
10.1 The Potential for Tourism
10.2 Importance for Balanced Growth:
The Multiplier and Leakages
10.3 An Analysis of Tourist Traffic
10.4 Overall Strategy for Developing Tourism
10.5 Sustainability: Focus on Non-mass
Market Tourism
10.6. Recommendations
10.7 Agreement with China
11. Rural Development.
11.1 Economic Profile of the Rural Sector
11.2 Rural Infrastructure
11.3 Community Development and
Panchayati Raj Institutions
11.4 Schemes and Programmes for Rural
Development: A Critical Analysis
11.5 Recommendations
12. Development of Forest Resources
12.1 Background
12.2 Emerging Issues
12.3 Joint Forest Management
12.4 Recommendations
13. Urban Development
13.1 The Current Pattern of Urban Growth
and Development
13.2 Gangtok: An Appraisal of the
City’s Development
13.3 Other Urban Areas
13.4 Recommendations
14. Development of Scheduled Castes
and Scheduled Tribes
14.1 Ethnic Groups in Sikkim
14.2 Analysis of Some Basic Statistics
14.3 Schemes and Programmes for Development
of SC, ST, and OBC Communities
14.4 Sikkim Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and
Other Backward Classes Development
Corporation (SABCCO)
14.5 Initiatives Taken by the State
14.6 Recommendations
Annexures
| Publisher | AF Press |
| Publication Date | 2008 |
| Number of Pages | 222 |
| ISBN |
9788171886685 |
Academic Foundation (AF), based in New Delhi, is India’s leading independent publisher of academic/scholarly books in Social Sciences, specialising in Economics—Development Economics and Indian Economy in particular, and allied subjects.
About the Book
The Planning Commission has decided to prepare State Development Reports (SDRs) for all States and Union Territories of India. The objective in bringing out these reports is to provide a credible independent quality reference document on the development profile, set out strategies for accelerating the growth rate of States, lessen disparities and reduce poverty. The SDR is meant to discuss the constraints and challenges faced by a State and provide a vision, blueprint or a roadmap for its socioeconomic progress.
Each SDR is being prepared with the assistance of reputed national-level agencies, under the supervision of a core committee, headed by a Member of the Planning Commission, and including a senior representative of the State Government. The publication of the Maharashtra Development Report follows the recently published SDRs of Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh, while SDRs of many other States and Union Territories of India are under various stages of preparation.
The Sikkim Development Report attempts to assess the main strengths and weaknesses of the state in achieving a high level of development. Based on the analysis of the economy's fundamentals, it recommends a development strategy that takes into account the state's potential and builds on its strengths: a peaceful environment, diverse agro-climatic topography, supply of cheap labour and vast potential in tourism, hydro-power, and horticulture. The sustainable developmental strategy recommended will seek to (i) empower people by strengthening the social infrastructure, in the form of education and skill formation and easy access to good health systems, and physical infrastructure, such as a good connectivity and communications network, quality energy supply, and (ii) vastly changed role for the government as an enabler rather than a direct participant in the production-distribution processes.
About the Author(s) / Editor(s)
PLANNING COMMISSION
Contents in Detail
Core Committee
Foreword from Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission
Message from Chief Minister, Sikkim
Message from Member, Planning Commission
List of Tables, Figures and Boxes
Acknowledgements
Executive Summary
1. Sikkim: Development Profile and Future Directions
1.1 Sikkim’s Performance at the National Level
1.2 Development of Social and Economic Infrastructure
1.3 Sikkim’s Development Profile in the Regional Context
1.4 Intrastate Development Trends
1.5 Objectives of State Development Report
2. Natural Resource Management and Sustainable Development
2.1 Resource Base
2.2 Waste and Pollution Management
2.3 Participatory Approach to Sustainable Development
2.4 Sikkim Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
(SBSAP): A Critique
2.5 Recommendations
3. Economic Growth, Structural Change and Employment
3.1 Growth: Trend and Composition
3.2 Structural Change
3.3 Employment
3.4 Pattern and Composition of the
Workforce
3.5 Workforce Participation and
Trends in Employment
3.6 State No Longer a Major Employer
3.7 Ensuring Livelihood to All
3.8 Ensuring Regionally Balanced Growth
3.9 Assessing the Growth in the Labour Force
3.10 Growing Unemployment:
Migration to Urban Centres
3.11 Strategies for Employment Generation
3.12 Elements of an Employment
Oriented Strategy
3.13 Employment Generating Schemes
3.14 Recent Initiatives of the Government
3.15 Conclusions and Recommendations
4. Fiscal and Financial Management
4.1 State’s Own Resources: Tax Revenues
4.2 State’s Own Resources: Non-tax Revenues
4.3 Transfers from the Centre
4.4 Borrowing Requirements
4.5 Utilisation of Resources:
Trends in Expenditure
4.6 Fiscal Reform Programme
and MTFRP
4.7 Deficits and Debt
4.8 Fiscal Decentralisation
4.9 Recommendations and
Conclusions
5. Education
5.1 Educational Institutions
5.2 Effective Literacy Rates
5.3 Plan Expenditure on Education
5.4 Educational Infrastructure
5.5 Accessibility to Elementary
Education
5.6 Quality of Education
5.7 Teacher Recruitment Policy
5.8 Higher and Technical/Professional
Education
5.9 Smart School Concept
5.10 Subsidies and Privatisation
5.11 Library Facilities
5.12 Investment in Education and
Employment Prospects
5.13 Recommendations
6. Health
6.1 Sex Ratio Intrigues
6.2 Plan Expenditure on Health
6.3 Poverty and Malnutrition
6.4 Reproductive Health Related Issues
6.5 Status of Immunisation
6.6 Environmental Sanitation
6.7 Health Infrastructure
6.8 Utilisation of Health Services
6.9 Traditional Medicines
6.10 Major Morbidity Cases
6.11 Geography and Environment
6.12 Urban Environment and Sanitation:
AusAid Intervention
6.13 Sikkim Manipal University: Changing
Face of the Health Sector
6.14 Health Insurance
6.15 Recommendations
7. Infrastructure: Roads,
Telecommunications and Power
7.1 Importance of Basic Infrastructure
7.2 The Road Network
7.3 Transport
7.4 Telecommunications and Information
Technology
7.5 Power Development: Structure,
Potentials and Challenges
7.6 Recommendations
8. Agriculture, Horticulture and
Animal Husbandry
8.1 The Nature of Agriculture and Related
Sectors in the State
8.2 Agriculture and Horticulture:
Issues and Constraints
8.3 Agriculture and Horticulture:
Recommendations
8.4 Animal Husbandry: Analysis and
Recommendations
9. Industry and Trade
9.1 Importance of Industry and Trade
9.2 Status of Industry
9.3 ‘Sickness Syndrome’
9.4 Identifying Appropriate Industries
9.5 Policy Initiatives—Present and
Past: A Critical Analysis
9.6 Newer Approaches
10. Tourism
10.1 The Potential for Tourism
10.2 Importance for Balanced Growth:
The Multiplier and Leakages
10.3 An Analysis of Tourist Traffic
10.4 Overall Strategy for Developing Tourism
10.5 Sustainability: Focus on Non-mass
Market Tourism
10.6. Recommendations
10.7 Agreement with China
11. Rural Development.
11.1 Economic Profile of the Rural Sector
11.2 Rural Infrastructure
11.3 Community Development and
Panchayati Raj Institutions
11.4 Schemes and Programmes for Rural
Development: A Critical Analysis
11.5 Recommendations
12. Development of Forest Resources
12.1 Background
12.2 Emerging Issues
12.3 Joint Forest Management
12.4 Recommendations
13. Urban Development
13.1 The Current Pattern of Urban Growth
and Development
13.2 Gangtok: An Appraisal of the
City’s Development
13.3 Other Urban Areas
13.4 Recommendations
14. Development of Scheduled Castes
and Scheduled Tribes
14.1 Ethnic Groups in Sikkim
14.2 Analysis of Some Basic Statistics
14.3 Schemes and Programmes for Development
of SC, ST, and OBC Communities
14.4 Sikkim Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and
Other Backward Classes Development
Corporation (SABCCO)
14.5 Initiatives Taken by the State
14.6 Recommendations
Annexures
| Publisher | AF Press |
| Publication Date | 2008 |
| Number of Pages | 222 |
| ISBN |
9788171886685 |
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Sikkim Development Report