Indian Economic Development Since 1947

2016-17 EDITION

Uma Kapila (Ed.)

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About the Book

Reference Text for BA (Hons) Economics (Course 15), University of Delhi

About the Author(s) / Editor(s)

UMA KAPILA, author/editor of several other books, has taught Indian Economy to undergraduate students for over forty-two years. She retired as Reader from the Department of Economics, Miranda House, University of Delhi. Presently, she is Senior Editor, Academic Foundation.

An Honours Graduate from Miranda House, University of Delhi and M.A. and Ph.D. from Delhi School of Economics, Dr. Uma Kapila has also served on the Planning Commission Study Group on “Agricultural Strategies in the Eastern Region of India for the Seventh Five Year Plan” (Perspective Planning Division).

Dr. Uma Kapila is the author of the book Oilseeds Economy of India (1982) published by the Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi. She is also the author/editor of two other textbooks on Indian economy, one meant for B.A. (Hons.) Economics, and the other for B.A.(Programme) and B.Com (Hons.) and Honours other than Economics. She has edited, and co-edited with Raj Kapila, a number of books on India’s economy, banking and finance.

 

Contributors

Pulapre Balakrishnan, Professor of Economics,
Ashoka University, Kundli, Haryana.

Aditya Bhattacharjea, Professor and Head, Department of Economics,
Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi.

Achin Chakraborty, Professor and Director,
Institute of Development Studies, Kolkata.

Simon Deakin, Professor of Law,
University of Cambridge, England.

S. Mahendra Dev, Director (Vice Chancellor), Indira Gandhi Institute of
Development Research, Mumbai.

Biswajit Dhar, Professor, Centre of Economic Studies and Planning,
School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

Bishwanath Goldar, ICSSR National Fellow, affiliated to IEG;
Chairman, Standing Committee on Industrial Statistics; Chairman,
Working Group on Producer Price Index (PPP), Government of India.

Antara Haldar, University Lecturer, Empirical Legal Studies,
University of Cambaridge, England.

K. Kanagasabapathy, Independent Economic Consultant;
formerly Director EPW Research Foundation, Mumbai.

Uma Kapila, Reader (Retd.), Department of Economics, Miranda House,
University of Delhi. Presently, Senior Editor, Academic Foundation, New Delhi.

Vijay Kelkar, Chairman, India Development Foundation, New Delhi.
Formerly Chairman 13th Finance Commission, Govt. of India. 

K.L. Krishna, Chairman, Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai; Member,
Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi.

R. Krishnaswamy, EPW Research Foundation,
Economic and Political Weekly, Mumbai.

Nagesh Kumar, Head, UN-ESCAP South and
South-West Asia Office, New Delhi.

Dipak Mazumdar, Munk Center for International Studies, University of Toronto;
Visiting Professor, Institute for Human Development, New Delhi.

R. Nagaraj, Professor, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai.

Manoj Panda, Director, Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, Delhi.

N. Chandrasekhara Rao, Professor, Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, Delhi.

Sandip Sarkar, Professor, Institute for Human Development, New Delhi.
M.H. Bala Subrahmanya, Professor & Chairman, Department of Management Studies,
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.

Vishakha G. Tilak, EPW Research Foundation, Economic and Political Weekly, Mumbai.

 


Contents in Detail

        Preface    
        Contributors    


PART I
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES AND
THEIR IMPACT
    1.    Indian Economy: Then and Now        
            Uma Kapila
            •    The Colonial Regime    
            •    The India of 1947    
            •    The Agrarian Scene    
            •    The State of Indian Industry and its Structure    
            •    A New India    
            •    A Short History of Fast Growth    

    2.    The Great Reversal: A Macro Story        
            Pulapre Balakrishnan
            •     The Facts    
            •     Relevance of Global Factors    
            •     Accounting for the Regime Change    
            •     The Role of Macroeconomic Policy    
            •     Inflation Targeting    
            •     Some Considerations for Near-Term PoliIcy    

    3.    Macroeconomic Developments and
           Challenges for Growth        
          Manoj Panda
            •    Introduction    
            •    Macroeconomic Developments    
            •    Policy Challenges for High Growth    
            •    Conclusion    

    4.    Monetary, Fiscal and Budgetary Developments:
           Policies and their Impact        
           Uma Kapila
            •     Monetary Policy    
            •     Fiscal Policy    
            •     Recent Fiscal Performance     
            •     Medium-Term Fiscal Framework    
            •     Conclusions    

    5.    A Rethink on India’s Foreign Trade Policy        
           K. Kanagasabapathy, Vishakha G. Tilak and
          R. Krishnaswamy
            •    India’s Place in Global Trade    
            •    Direction and Composition    
            •    Strategic Rethink    

    6.    India’s New Foreign Trade Policy: Pluses and Minuses       
            Biswajit Dhar
            •     ‘Whole-of-Government’ Approach    
            •     Three Issues Highlighted    
            •     SEZ Failure    
            •     Regional Trade Agreements    

    7.    How Should India Reform Its Labour Laws?        
           Simon Deakin and Antara Haldar
            •    Introduction    
            •    Developments in the Theory of Labour Regulation    
            •    Empirical Evidence on the Economic Effects of
                 Labour Laws   
            •    The Gujarat Model    
            •    Conclusions    

    8.    Reforming Labour Market in States: 
          Revisiting the Futility Thesis        
           Achin Chakraborty
            •     How Rigid is the Labour Market?    
            •     The Logic of Flexibility    
            •     What Flexibility Cannot Achieve    
            •     Concluding Remarks    

PART II
INDIAN AGRICULTURE:
POLICIES AND PERFORMANCE
    9.    Indian Agriculture: Policies and Performance (Ed. Notes)        
            •     Introduction    
            •     Linkages between Agriculture and Other Sectors    
            •     The Institutional Context    
            •     The New Technology    
            •     Three Phases of Green Revolution    
            •     Reform Period    
            •     Deceleration in Agriculture Growth    
            •     Emerging Imbalances     
            •     Cereals Production and Build up of Stocks    
            •     Secondary Agriculture: A Driver for Growth of
                  Primary Agriculture    
            •     Reforming the Three ‘I’s: Investments, Incentives,
                   and Institutions    
            •     Challenges and Outlook    180

    10.   Agricultural Development in India:
            Performance, Issues and Policies        
            S. Mahendra Dev
            •    Performance of Agriculture    
            •    Policies Since Independence    
            •    Issues and Policies for Higher Growth,
                  Equity and Sustainability    
            •    Conclusion    

    11.  Accelerating Agricultural Productivity
           Growth in India: An Overview        
            World Bank Group
            •     The Conundrums of Contemporary Agriculture    
            •     Trends in Agricultural Performance at the
                  National and Subnational Level    
            •     An International Perspective on India’s
                  Structural Transformation    
            •     A Micro-level Perspective on India’s
                  Structural Transformation    
            •     Did the Drivers of Growth Change
                  Qualitatively in the 2000s?    
            •     Messages and Implications    
            •     Evolution of Productivity at the National,
                  State, Household, and Farm Levels    
            •     Technology, Yield Gaps, and Growth Prospects    
            •     Livestock Subsector: Significant Opportunities
                  and Policy Priorities    
            •     Investments in Agriculture for Growth
                  and Sustainability    
            •     Marketing and Market Reform:
                  Unfinished Business     
            •     Beyond the Farm: Exploiting the Potential for
                  Food Processing    
            •    Transforming Agriculture in LIS: Challenges and 
                 Priorities for Bihar and Odisha    

    12.  The Context and Conundrums of
            Contemporary Agriculture        
            World Bank Group
            •     India’s Food Security Puzzle    
            •     Persistent Food Price Rise    
            •     Trade Policy and Cereal Prices    
            •     Food Grain Management and Food Prices    
            •     Rising Real Rural Wages    
            •     Persistent Questions about the
                  Sustainability of Growth    

    13.  Agricultural Price Policy, Farm Profitability
            and Food Security        
            S. Mahendra Dev and N. Chandrasekhara Rao
            •     Trends in Costs and Yields    
            •     Trends in MSPs and Prices Realised by Farmers     
            •     Relationship between Costs, Prices
                  Realised and MSP    
            •     Returns to Farming    
            •     Increased Role of Price Policy     
            •     Concluding Observations    
PART III
INDUSTRY
    14.    Policies and Performance in Industry (Ed. Notes)        
            •    The Industrial Scene at Independence    
            •    Industrial Control Regime    
            •     The Policy Regime in the 1990s    
            •     New Economic Policy    
            •     Opening up to Foreign Investment    
            •     Public Sector Reforms, Privatisation and
                   Infrastructure     
            •     Industrial Policy Objectives for the
                  Twelfth Plan and Beyond    
            •     Trends and Pattern of Industrial Growth     
            •     Policy Regimes and Pattern of Growth     
            •     Recent Industrial Growth, 2008-09 to 2013-14    
            •     Industrial-sector Performance Based on Revised
                 GDP Estimates 2012-13 to 2015-16    
            •     Why has Growth Moderated?    
            •     Challenges Arising from Government Policies    
            •     Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)    
            •     Role of MSEs in Indian Economy     
            •    Status and Key Challenges    
            •     Public Sector    
            •     Privatisation     
            •     Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)    

    15.  Industrial Performance, 1991-2008: A Review        
            R. Nagaraj
            •     Introduction    
            •     Industrial Performance After 1991-92    
            •     Why Did the Reforms Fail to Deliver the
                  Expected Results?    
            •     What Should Be Done Now?    
            •     Conclusions    

    16.  Productivity Growth Performance in India:
           Review and New Approach        
           K.L. Krishna and Bishwanath Goldar
            •    Introduction    
            •    Evolution of the Productivity Literature in India    
            •    Conventional Methodology of Productivity
                  Measurement    
            •     Productivity in Manufacturing    
            •     Productivity in Agriculture    
            •     Productivity in Services    
            •     Inter-Sectoral Perspective    
            •     Productivity Studies for the Aggregate Economy    
            •     Improving on Past Productivity Research:
                  The India KLEMS Project     
            •     Some major Findings from the India KLEMS
                  Report for the period 1980-2008    
            •     Further Work in the India KLEMS Project    
            •    Summary and Conclusions    

    17.  Of Omissions and Commissions:
            India’s Competition Laws        
           Aditya Bhattacharjea
            •    Introduction    
            •    The MRTP Act, 1969-2009     
            •    The Competition Act, 2002     
            •    Postscript (2016)     

    18.  Small-scale Industrialisation under Globalisation:
            Is the Tide Turning Around?        
            M.H. Bala Subrahmanya
            •     Introduction    
            •     Globalisation and Domestic Economic Reforms: 
                  Implications and Impact on the SSI    
            •     SSI Performance in the Globalisation Era    
            •     Inferences and Conclusions (in the Context of
                   Recent Policy Initiatives)    

    19.  On Strategies for Disinvestment and Privatisation        
            Vijay Kelkar
            •    Public versus Private Ownership     
            •    Privatisation    

    20.  Foreign Direct and Portfolio Investments 
           Flows and Development: A Perspective on  Indian Experience        
          Nagesh Kumar
            •     The Context  
            •     Evolution of Policy Regime Towards FDI and
                   FPIs in India 
            •     Foreign Direct Investment Flows and
                  Their Quality   
            •     FPI Inflows and Their Impact  
            •     India as an Emerging Source of FDI Outflows   
            •     Concluding Remarks and Policy Lessons  

    21.  The Employment Problem in India and the
           Phenomenon of the Missing Middle   
          Dipak Mazumdar and Sandip Sarkar
            •     Trends in the Industrial Structure of Employment    
            •     Employment Growth in the Tertiary Sector in
                  India in a Comparative Context    
            •     Dualism in Indian Manufacturing    
            •     Why is Dualism a Problem for
                  Manufacturing Growth?    
            •     Causes of the Emergence and Persistence
                   of Dualism    
            •     Conclusion

   
PART IV
SERVICES
    22.    Trends and Performance in Services (Ed. Notes)        
            •     Introduction    
            •     Growth and Sectoral Shares, Cross-Country
                   Evidence and Indian Experience     
            •     World Services Trade    
            •     Factors Underlying the Services Growth    
            •     India’s Services Employment    
            •     India’s Services Trade    
            •     Foreign Direct Investment in India’s Service Sector    
            •     Liberalisation of Services in India    
            •     India and Trade Negotiations in Services    
            •     Conclusion    

Publisher AF Press
Publication Date 2016
Number of Pages 494
ISBN 9789332703735
READ MORE

Academic Foundation (AF), based in New Delhi, is India’s leading independent publisher of academic/scholarly books in Social Sciences, specialising in Economics—Development Economics and Indian Economy in particular, and allied subjects.

About the Book

Reference Text for BA (Hons) Economics (Course 15), University of Delhi

About the Author(s) / Editor(s)

UMA KAPILA, author/editor of several other books, has taught Indian Economy to undergraduate students for over forty-two years. She retired as Reader from the Department of Economics, Miranda House, University of Delhi. Presently, she is Senior Editor, Academic Foundation.

An Honours Graduate from Miranda House, University of Delhi and M.A. and Ph.D. from Delhi School of Economics, Dr. Uma Kapila has also served on the Planning Commission Study Group on “Agricultural Strategies in the Eastern Region of India for the Seventh Five Year Plan” (Perspective Planning Division).

Dr. Uma Kapila is the author of the book Oilseeds Economy of India (1982) published by the Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi. She is also the author/editor of two other textbooks on Indian economy, one meant for B.A. (Hons.) Economics, and the other for B.A.(Programme) and B.Com (Hons.) and Honours other than Economics. She has edited, and co-edited with Raj Kapila, a number of books on India’s economy, banking and finance.

 

Contributors

Pulapre Balakrishnan, Professor of Economics,
Ashoka University, Kundli, Haryana.

Aditya Bhattacharjea, Professor and Head, Department of Economics,
Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi.

Achin Chakraborty, Professor and Director,
Institute of Development Studies, Kolkata.

Simon Deakin, Professor of Law,
University of Cambridge, England.

S. Mahendra Dev, Director (Vice Chancellor), Indira Gandhi Institute of
Development Research, Mumbai.

Biswajit Dhar, Professor, Centre of Economic Studies and Planning,
School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

Bishwanath Goldar, ICSSR National Fellow, affiliated to IEG;
Chairman, Standing Committee on Industrial Statistics; Chairman,
Working Group on Producer Price Index (PPP), Government of India.

Antara Haldar, University Lecturer, Empirical Legal Studies,
University of Cambaridge, England.

K. Kanagasabapathy, Independent Economic Consultant;
formerly Director EPW Research Foundation, Mumbai.

Uma Kapila, Reader (Retd.), Department of Economics, Miranda House,
University of Delhi. Presently, Senior Editor, Academic Foundation, New Delhi.

Vijay Kelkar, Chairman, India Development Foundation, New Delhi.
Formerly Chairman 13th Finance Commission, Govt. of India. 

K.L. Krishna, Chairman, Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai; Member,
Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi.

R. Krishnaswamy, EPW Research Foundation,
Economic and Political Weekly, Mumbai.

Nagesh Kumar, Head, UN-ESCAP South and
South-West Asia Office, New Delhi.

Dipak Mazumdar, Munk Center for International Studies, University of Toronto;
Visiting Professor, Institute for Human Development, New Delhi.

R. Nagaraj, Professor, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai.

Manoj Panda, Director, Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, Delhi.

N. Chandrasekhara Rao, Professor, Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, Delhi.

Sandip Sarkar, Professor, Institute for Human Development, New Delhi.
M.H. Bala Subrahmanya, Professor & Chairman, Department of Management Studies,
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.

Vishakha G. Tilak, EPW Research Foundation, Economic and Political Weekly, Mumbai.

 


Contents in Detail

        Preface    
        Contributors    


PART I
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES AND
THEIR IMPACT
    1.    Indian Economy: Then and Now        
            Uma Kapila
            •    The Colonial Regime    
            •    The India of 1947    
            •    The Agrarian Scene    
            •    The State of Indian Industry and its Structure    
            •    A New India    
            •    A Short History of Fast Growth    

    2.    The Great Reversal: A Macro Story        
            Pulapre Balakrishnan
            •     The Facts    
            •     Relevance of Global Factors    
            •     Accounting for the Regime Change    
            •     The Role of Macroeconomic Policy    
            •     Inflation Targeting    
            •     Some Considerations for Near-Term PoliIcy    

    3.    Macroeconomic Developments and
           Challenges for Growth        
          Manoj Panda
            •    Introduction    
            •    Macroeconomic Developments    
            •    Policy Challenges for High Growth    
            •    Conclusion    

    4.    Monetary, Fiscal and Budgetary Developments:
           Policies and their Impact        
           Uma Kapila
            •     Monetary Policy    
            •     Fiscal Policy    
            •     Recent Fiscal Performance     
            •     Medium-Term Fiscal Framework    
            •     Conclusions    

    5.    A Rethink on India’s Foreign Trade Policy        
           K. Kanagasabapathy, Vishakha G. Tilak and
          R. Krishnaswamy
            •    India’s Place in Global Trade    
            •    Direction and Composition    
            •    Strategic Rethink    

    6.    India’s New Foreign Trade Policy: Pluses and Minuses       
            Biswajit Dhar
            •     ‘Whole-of-Government’ Approach    
            •     Three Issues Highlighted    
            •     SEZ Failure    
            •     Regional Trade Agreements    

    7.    How Should India Reform Its Labour Laws?        
           Simon Deakin and Antara Haldar
            •    Introduction    
            •    Developments in the Theory of Labour Regulation    
            •    Empirical Evidence on the Economic Effects of
                 Labour Laws   
            •    The Gujarat Model    
            •    Conclusions    

    8.    Reforming Labour Market in States: 
          Revisiting the Futility Thesis        
           Achin Chakraborty
            •     How Rigid is the Labour Market?    
            •     The Logic of Flexibility    
            •     What Flexibility Cannot Achieve    
            •     Concluding Remarks    

PART II
INDIAN AGRICULTURE:
POLICIES AND PERFORMANCE
    9.    Indian Agriculture: Policies and Performance (Ed. Notes)        
            •     Introduction    
            •     Linkages between Agriculture and Other Sectors    
            •     The Institutional Context    
            •     The New Technology    
            •     Three Phases of Green Revolution    
            •     Reform Period    
            •     Deceleration in Agriculture Growth    
            •     Emerging Imbalances     
            •     Cereals Production and Build up of Stocks    
            •     Secondary Agriculture: A Driver for Growth of
                  Primary Agriculture    
            •     Reforming the Three ‘I’s: Investments, Incentives,
                   and Institutions    
            •     Challenges and Outlook    180

    10.   Agricultural Development in India:
            Performance, Issues and Policies        
            S. Mahendra Dev
            •    Performance of Agriculture    
            •    Policies Since Independence    
            •    Issues and Policies for Higher Growth,
                  Equity and Sustainability    
            •    Conclusion    

    11.  Accelerating Agricultural Productivity
           Growth in India: An Overview        
            World Bank Group
            •     The Conundrums of Contemporary Agriculture    
            •     Trends in Agricultural Performance at the
                  National and Subnational Level    
            •     An International Perspective on India’s
                  Structural Transformation    
            •     A Micro-level Perspective on India’s
                  Structural Transformation    
            •     Did the Drivers of Growth Change
                  Qualitatively in the 2000s?    
            •     Messages and Implications    
            •     Evolution of Productivity at the National,
                  State, Household, and Farm Levels    
            •     Technology, Yield Gaps, and Growth Prospects    
            •     Livestock Subsector: Significant Opportunities
                  and Policy Priorities    
            •     Investments in Agriculture for Growth
                  and Sustainability    
            •     Marketing and Market Reform:
                  Unfinished Business     
            •     Beyond the Farm: Exploiting the Potential for
                  Food Processing    
            •    Transforming Agriculture in LIS: Challenges and 
                 Priorities for Bihar and Odisha    

    12.  The Context and Conundrums of
            Contemporary Agriculture        
            World Bank Group
            •     India’s Food Security Puzzle    
            •     Persistent Food Price Rise    
            •     Trade Policy and Cereal Prices    
            •     Food Grain Management and Food Prices    
            •     Rising Real Rural Wages    
            •     Persistent Questions about the
                  Sustainability of Growth    

    13.  Agricultural Price Policy, Farm Profitability
            and Food Security        
            S. Mahendra Dev and N. Chandrasekhara Rao
            •     Trends in Costs and Yields    
            •     Trends in MSPs and Prices Realised by Farmers     
            •     Relationship between Costs, Prices
                  Realised and MSP    
            •     Returns to Farming    
            •     Increased Role of Price Policy     
            •     Concluding Observations    
PART III
INDUSTRY
    14.    Policies and Performance in Industry (Ed. Notes)        
            •    The Industrial Scene at Independence    
            •    Industrial Control Regime    
            •     The Policy Regime in the 1990s    
            •     New Economic Policy    
            •     Opening up to Foreign Investment    
            •     Public Sector Reforms, Privatisation and
                   Infrastructure     
            •     Industrial Policy Objectives for the
                  Twelfth Plan and Beyond    
            •     Trends and Pattern of Industrial Growth     
            •     Policy Regimes and Pattern of Growth     
            •     Recent Industrial Growth, 2008-09 to 2013-14    
            •     Industrial-sector Performance Based on Revised
                 GDP Estimates 2012-13 to 2015-16    
            •     Why has Growth Moderated?    
            •     Challenges Arising from Government Policies    
            •     Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)    
            •     Role of MSEs in Indian Economy     
            •    Status and Key Challenges    
            •     Public Sector    
            •     Privatisation     
            •     Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)    

    15.  Industrial Performance, 1991-2008: A Review        
            R. Nagaraj
            •     Introduction    
            •     Industrial Performance After 1991-92    
            •     Why Did the Reforms Fail to Deliver the
                  Expected Results?    
            •     What Should Be Done Now?    
            •     Conclusions    

    16.  Productivity Growth Performance in India:
           Review and New Approach        
           K.L. Krishna and Bishwanath Goldar
            •    Introduction    
            •    Evolution of the Productivity Literature in India    
            •    Conventional Methodology of Productivity
                  Measurement    
            •     Productivity in Manufacturing    
            •     Productivity in Agriculture    
            •     Productivity in Services    
            •     Inter-Sectoral Perspective    
            •     Productivity Studies for the Aggregate Economy    
            •     Improving on Past Productivity Research:
                  The India KLEMS Project     
            •     Some major Findings from the India KLEMS
                  Report for the period 1980-2008    
            •     Further Work in the India KLEMS Project    
            •    Summary and Conclusions    

    17.  Of Omissions and Commissions:
            India’s Competition Laws        
           Aditya Bhattacharjea
            •    Introduction    
            •    The MRTP Act, 1969-2009     
            •    The Competition Act, 2002     
            •    Postscript (2016)     

    18.  Small-scale Industrialisation under Globalisation:
            Is the Tide Turning Around?        
            M.H. Bala Subrahmanya
            •     Introduction    
            •     Globalisation and Domestic Economic Reforms: 
                  Implications and Impact on the SSI    
            •     SSI Performance in the Globalisation Era    
            •     Inferences and Conclusions (in the Context of
                   Recent Policy Initiatives)    

    19.  On Strategies for Disinvestment and Privatisation        
            Vijay Kelkar
            •    Public versus Private Ownership     
            •    Privatisation    

    20.  Foreign Direct and Portfolio Investments 
           Flows and Development: A Perspective on  Indian Experience        
          Nagesh Kumar
            •     The Context  
            •     Evolution of Policy Regime Towards FDI and
                   FPIs in India 
            •     Foreign Direct Investment Flows and
                  Their Quality   
            •     FPI Inflows and Their Impact  
            •     India as an Emerging Source of FDI Outflows   
            •     Concluding Remarks and Policy Lessons  

    21.  The Employment Problem in India and the
           Phenomenon of the Missing Middle   
          Dipak Mazumdar and Sandip Sarkar
            •     Trends in the Industrial Structure of Employment    
            •     Employment Growth in the Tertiary Sector in
                  India in a Comparative Context    
            •     Dualism in Indian Manufacturing    
            •     Why is Dualism a Problem for
                  Manufacturing Growth?    
            •     Causes of the Emergence and Persistence
                   of Dualism    
            •     Conclusion

   
PART IV
SERVICES
    22.    Trends and Performance in Services (Ed. Notes)        
            •     Introduction    
            •     Growth and Sectoral Shares, Cross-Country
                   Evidence and Indian Experience     
            •     World Services Trade    
            •     Factors Underlying the Services Growth    
            •     India’s Services Employment    
            •     India’s Services Trade    
            •     Foreign Direct Investment in India’s Service Sector    
            •     Liberalisation of Services in India    
            •     India and Trade Negotiations in Services    
            •     Conclusion    

Publisher AF Press
Publication Date 2016
Number of Pages 494
ISBN 9789332703735
Expected delivery date:
12 Jun Usually ready in 2-3 days.

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Indian Economic Development Since 1947

Indian Economic Development Since 1947

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