{"product_id":"indias-development-scenario-copy-1","title":"India's Economic Reforms and Development","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"d_normalheder\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbout the Book\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"more\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRapid economic growth and eradication of abject poverty have been the core concerns of India’s polity and government throughout the last five decades. Coordinated planning with the state playing the leading role in initiating and regulating the process of development in pursuit of these objectives has been a distinctive feature. Specific targets, perceptions of the problems involved and their solutions have been changing over time. The essays in this collection provide an overview of evolution of this process culminating in the far-reaching reorientation of strategy and policies during the nineties and a critical assessment of their rationale, implementation and impact from the political economy perspective.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe essays are divided into two sections : Those in the first part, mostly written in the nineties, focus on key elements of overall development strategy being pursued from the early nineties, the rationale and the thrust of the structural adjustment package soon after it was unveiled by Dr. Manmohan Singh, issues relating to subsidies and foreign direct investment and broader issues of the role of the state generally and of planning in particular in the changed context.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe lead piece in this section pulls together the assessment of different aspects and attempts an overall assessment of the antecedents of the reforms of the nineties, their halting and meandering course and the reasons for their less-than-expected achievements. It also reflects on the prospects for the future.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSelections in the second section spanning over a much longer period discuss issues relating to poverty — concepts, data and measurement and regional variations, evolution of poverty alleviation programmes, critical commentary on their design, implementation and measures to improve their efficacy.\u003cbr\u003eThe general thrust of the essays is critical of the design and implementation of the reform package and skeptical of its impact on growth and socio-economic inequality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"morecontent\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"more\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"morecontent\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"d_normalheder\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbout the Author(s) \/ Editor(s)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"more\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA. Vaidyanathan\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis currently Emeritus Professor at the Madras Institute of Development Studies (Chennai, India) and is a member of the Prime Minister’s Econo-mic Advisory Council.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBorn in 1931, he was educated in Madras, and did his post graduation in the USA. After obtaining a Ph.D from Cornell University, he worked for 6 years (1956-62) as economist in the National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi. Thereafter he joined the Perspective Planning Division of the Planning Commission, Government of India.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter 10 years in the Planning Commission, and 4 years in the World Bank, he shifted to the Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum, in 1976 and worked there as Professor for 8 years and has been in the Madras Institute of Development Studies since 1984.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe has been president of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics since 1993. Currently he is also Chairperson of the Board of Trustees of the Institute of Social Studies Trust, New Delhi.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProf. Vaidyanathan has served on a number of Government Committees : as Member of the Planning Commission in New Delhi and Tamilnadu State Planning Commission; and Chairperson of a Committee on Irrigation Pricing set up by the Planning Commission.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"morecontent\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"more\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"morecontent\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"glossymenu\"\u003eContents in Detail\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"glossymenu\"\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"menuitem submenuheader\" href=\"https:\/\/academicfoundation.org\/#\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"accordsuffix\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"submenu\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSection – I  :  Planning, State and Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e        \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.A Decade of Reforms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e   Antecedents\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Expectations and Achievements\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Factors Affecting Reforms and their Impact\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Political Resistance to Reform\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e   Prospects\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Decentralisation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Improvement on the Fiscal Front\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Agriculture\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Role of Planning\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.Structural Adjustment in the Indian Economy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    \u003cbr\u003e   Approach to Planning\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Policy Package and Growth Rate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Problem of Liberalisation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Devaluation and After\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Major Changes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Price Increases\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Safety Net\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.Attitude Towards Multinationals\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e        \u003cbr\u003e   The Magnitude\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   TNC’s and MNC’s\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   The Experience of South Asian Countries\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Lessons for India\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.Subsidies in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    \u003cbr\u003e   Magnitude\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Implications\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.Planning, State and Development\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e        \u003cbr\u003e   Criticism of Planning\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Planning Development at Sub-State Level\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Management of Public Enterprises\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   State-Private Sector Relationship\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.Planning in India : Retrospect and Prospect\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e        \u003cbr\u003e   Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Indian Planning: Distinctive Features;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Planning in a Federal Set-up;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   The Political Environment;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Changes in Political Environment;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   The Functioning of the Planning Commission\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Reorientation of Planning\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7.Development Planning Models : The Indian Experience\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8.Growth of Indian Industry : Role of Demand Factors\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e        \u003cbr\u003e   Background\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Overall Trends\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Impact on Income Distribution Changes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Pattern of Consumer Demand for Manufactures: Textiles and Clothing;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Other Manufactures;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Durables\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Conclusion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9.Cottage and Small Scale Industries in India : Policy and Performance    \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    \u003cbr\u003e   The Rationale and Strategy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   The Impact\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   State Intervention\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSection – II  :  Poverty, Inequality and Development Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10.Poverty and Development Policy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e        \u003cbr\u003e    Background\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Conceptual Issues\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Measurement Issues\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Correlates and Determinants\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Policy : Targeting; Accountability\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11.The New Economics of Poverty\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e        \u003cbr\u003e    Increasing Labour-Intensity of Production\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Product-Mix\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Limits to Technological Choice\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Rural Development\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Works Programmes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12.The Political Economy of the Evolution\u003cbr\u003e     of Anti-Poverty Programmes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    \u003cbr\u003e    Raising the Standard of Living of the\u003cbr\u003e    Poor: The First Four Plans\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Political Pressures Impinging on Poverty\u003cbr\u003e    Alleviation Programmes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Organizational Problems Facing Poverty\u003cbr\u003e    Alleviation Programmes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Recent Shifts in the Debate on Decentralization\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13.Restructuring Poverty Alleviation Programmes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    \u003cbr\u003e    Main Characteristics\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Deficiencies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Integrated Local Area Planning\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Targeting\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Accountability\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Role of Panchayat Raj Institutions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Conclusions and Suggestions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Design\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Monitoring and Evaluation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14.Some Aspects of Inequalities in Living\u003cbr\u003e     Standards in Rural India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    \u003cbr\u003e    Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Review of Recent Literature\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    The Scope of the Present Study\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    The Pattern of Inequality : All India\u003cbr\u003e    Distribution of Land Holdings and\u003cbr\u003e    Consumption Inequality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    The Influence of Family Size\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Occupation and Consumption Inequality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Consumption Inequalities: Inter-State\u003cbr\u003e    Variations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Behaviour of Inequalities Over Time\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15.The Validity of NSS Consumption in\u003cbr\u003e     Rural India    \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    \u003cbr\u003e    Sources of Inaccuracy in NSS Data\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Sampling Errors\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Sampling Design\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Bias in Sampling\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Non-Sampling Errors\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Comparison of NSS and CSO Estimates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Nature of Non-Sampling Errors in NSS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Changes in Non-Sampling Errors\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Effects of Non-Sampling Errors\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Conclusion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16.Asset Holdings and Consumption of\u003cbr\u003e     Rural Households in India :\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e    A Study of Spatial and Temporal Variations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e        \u003cbr\u003e    Level and Composition of Assets of\u003cbr\u003e    Rural Households\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Relation between Assets and Consumption\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Changes in Asset Holding and Inequality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Changes in Asset-Consumption Relation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Conclusion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17.Poverty and Economy : The Regional\u003cbr\u003e     Dimension\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e    \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e    Level and Composition of Assets of\u003cbr\u003e    Rural Households\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Reducing Regional Disparities: The\u003cbr\u003e     Approaches of Planners\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Regional Strategy for Agriculture\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    The Problem of Wage Labour in\u003cbr\u003e    Poor Regions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Implications for Programmes and Policy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Institutional Requirements\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18.Assessment of Nutritional and\u003cbr\u003e     Health Status\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    \u003cbr\u003e    Nutrition and Health Status: Concepts\u003cbr\u003e    and Measurement\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Conceptual Problems; Food Intake\u003cbr\u003e    Requirement Norms; Relevance of Morbidity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Measurement Problems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Determinants of Morbidity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e    Directions of Further Work\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 78.3752px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.6006%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003ePublisher\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9553%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003eAF Press\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.6006%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003ePublication Date\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9553%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e2003\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.6006%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003eNumber of Pages\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9553%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e504\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.6006%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003eISBN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9553%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e \u003cspan\u003e8171882870\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"A. Vaidyanathan","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover \/ ENG- English \/ Economics","offer_id":51399564099905,"sku":null,"price":1295.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0938\/9067\/5009\/files\/8171882870-web-305-Economic.gif?v=1771410674","url":"https:\/\/www.academicfoundation.com\/products\/indias-development-scenario-copy-1","provider":"Academic Foundation | AF Press","version":"1.0","type":"link"}