{"product_id":"law-liberty-and-livelihood-copy","title":"The Inequality Predicament","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"d_normalheder\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbout the Book\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"more\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"more\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"more\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"more\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince the series was launched in 1952, the Report on the World Social Situation has served as a foundation for discussions and policy analysis of socio-economic issues at the intergovernmental level. It has served to identify emerging social trends of international concern and analyze relationships among major development issues with national, regional and international dimensions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe 2005 Report continues that tradition by addressing the subject of inequality. In particular, it focuses on some of the growing inequalities that make it challenging, but all the more imperative, to reach the Millennium Development Goals. It shows us that we cannot advance the development agenda without addressing the challenges of inequality within and between countries—the widening gap between skilled and unskilled workers, the chasm between the formal and informal economies, the growing disparities in health, education and opportunities for social and political participation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Report identifies four areas of particular importance: addressing worldwide asymmetries resulting from globalization; incorporating explicitly the goal of reducing inequality in policies and programmes designed to achieve poverty reduction; expanding opportunities for employment, with particular attention to improving conditions in the informal economy; and promoting social integration and cohesion as key to development, peace and security.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBy detailing some of the most critical issues affecting social development today, the Report can help guide decisive action to build a more secure and prosperous world in which people are better able to enjoy their fundamental human rights and freedoms. Overcoming the inequality predicament is an essential element of this quest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"morecontent\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"glossymenu\"\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"glossymenu\"\u003eContents in Detail\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"glossymenu\"\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"menuitem submenuheader\" href=\"https:\/\/academicfoundation.org\/#\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"accordsuffix\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"submenu\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePreface\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eExplanatory notes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eExecutive summary\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI.The case for focusing on inequality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e   Linkages between poverty eradication and\u003cbr\u003e   inequality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Inequality and the economic dimension\u003cbr\u003e   of poverty\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Inequality and the socio-political dimensions\u003cbr\u003e   of poverty\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Structural reform, the public sector and inequality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Universal access to education, health care and\u003cbr\u003e   social protection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Patterns of intervention\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Conclusion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII.A spotlight on inequality: the informal economy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e   A brief overview of the informal economy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   The attraction of the informal economy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Reasons for the growth of the informal economy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Linkages between the formal and informal\u003cbr\u003e   economies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIII.Trends and patterns of inequality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e   Economic aspects of inequality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Income inequality between countries\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Income inequality within countries\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Poverty\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Unemployment\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Non-economic aspects of inequality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Health\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Life expectancy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Maternal and child health\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   HIV\/AIDS and other deseases\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Hunger and malnutrition\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Education\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Conclusion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIV.Inequalities and social integration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e   Intergenerational dimensions of inequality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Consumption, inequality and social\u003cbr\u003e   integration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Violence and inequality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Violent crime\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Armed conflict\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Youth demographics\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Rape and child soldiers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Domestic violence and slavery\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Fostering democracy and social\u003cbr\u003e   integration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eV.The changing context of development and inequality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e   Globalization: asymmetries and the loss of policy space\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   The impact of liberalization and stabilization policies on\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   inequality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Financial liberalization\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Trade liberalization\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Financing the social agenda\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Official development assistance\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Innovative sources of financing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Migrant remittances\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   The peace dividend\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   The role of the State and civil society\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVI.The way forward: policies to reduce inequality\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e   Redressing global asymmetries\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Intensifying integrated strategies and policies\u003cbr\u003e   for poverty eradication\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Guaranteeing employment opportunities for all\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e   Fostering social integration and cohesion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnnex\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe ten commitments of the World Summit for Social Development\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBibliography\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI.1Policy framework: the three main pillars of social\u003cbr\u003e    development centred on equity and equality\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI.2Relationship between life expectancy at birth and\u003cbr\u003e    the level of public and private health spending, 2002\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.1Evolution of income inequality among countries\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.2Per capita gross domestic product in the poorest and\u003cbr\u003e    richest countries, 1960-1962 and 2000-2002\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.3Inequalities in life expectancy between major world regions: \u003cbr\u003e      deviations of regional life expectancy at birth from that of\u003cbr\u003e      Australia\/New Zealand, (1990-1995 and 2000-2005)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.4Distribution of all countries according to how far their\u003cbr\u003e      life expectancy falls below that of Japan, 1990 and 2000\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eV.1Aid from all Development Assistance Committee (DAC)\u003cbr\u003e      donors as a percentage of gross domestic product:\u003cbr\u003e      the long-term trend to 2004\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eV.2Aid from Development Assistance Committee (DAC)\u003cbr\u003e     donors as a proportion of gross domestic product\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eV.3Social sector spending among country groupings\u003cbr\u003e     classified by income\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eV.4Defence and social sector spending in countries\u003cbr\u003e     with the highest defence expenditures\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eV.5Defence and social spending in countries with\u003cbr\u003e     the highest social sector expenditures\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTables\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI.1Size and growth of the informal sector in selected\u003cbr\u003e    countries, by sex\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.1Regional per capita income as a share of high-income\u003cbr\u003e      OECD countries’ average per capita income\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.2Distribution of countries according to trends in Gini\u003cbr\u003e      coefficients for income distribution between the 1950s\u003cbr\u003e      and the 1990s\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.3Poverty rates for the world, major regions, and\u003cbr\u003e      China and India\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.4Unemployment rates, labour force growth rates and\u003cbr\u003e      GDP growth rates for the world and major regions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.5Levels of under-five mortality for selected countries\u003cbr\u003e      and between-country inequality indices\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.6Under-five mortality for countries with the highest\u003cbr\u003e       and lowest rates, 1995, 2000 and 2002\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.7Immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months,\u003cbr\u003e      by country and selected background characteristics\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.8Differentials within and between selected countries in access\u003cbr\u003e      to skilled medical care at delivery for children born three years\u003cbr\u003e      before the survey\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.9Adults and children affected by HIV\/AIDS: the world and\u003cbr\u003e      major regions, 2004\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.10Women living with HIV: the world and major regions, 2004\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.11Percentages of total, urban and rural household populations\u003cbr\u003e        with no education, by sex\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.12Inequalities in primary school enrolment: the world and\u003cbr\u003e        major regions, 1998 and 2001\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIII.13Inequalities in secondary school enrolment: the world\u003cbr\u003e        and major regions, 1998 and 2001\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100.707%; height: 81px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.25px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.5957%; height: 20.25px;\"\u003ePublisher\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.0496%; height: 20.25px;\"\u003eAF Press\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.25px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.5957%; height: 20.25px;\"\u003ePublication Date\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.0496%; height: 20.25px;\"\u003e2006\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.25px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.5957%; height: 20.25px;\"\u003eNumber of Pages\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.0496%; height: 20.25px;\"\u003e158\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.25px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.5957%; height: 20.25px;\"\u003eISBN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.0496%; height: 20.25px;\"\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e8171885594\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"United Nations","offers":[{"title":"Paperback \/ ENG- English \/ Indian Goverment \u0026 Legal Framework","offer_id":51407226306881,"sku":null,"price":995.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0938\/9067\/5009\/files\/8171885594-web-305-inequali.jpg?v=1771566156","url":"https:\/\/www.academicfoundation.com\/products\/law-liberty-and-livelihood-copy","provider":"Academic Foundation | AF Press","version":"1.0","type":"link"}